Organizational Theory Attainments and Experience

Question: Discuss how organizational theory can be used effectively to manage people in projects, identifying cases as examples and project management approach. Answer: Introduction Project managementis the diligence of works on, formulation, knowledge, attainments and experience to accomplish theprojecttargets. Generally, aprojectis an unequaled, ephemeral strive, contracted to attain designed objectives, which could bedelimitatedin terms of production and results or gains. PMP theory Organizational theoryanalyzes establishments to determine the forms and structures they apply to resolve problems, increase skillfulness and output, a relationship of the managers and experts in the organization and meet the desires of investors. It also explains strategies in which an establishment can header with rapid change. Examples Theory X AND Y Google gives its employees freedom and makes sure they love their work. Google enables their employees to work flexibly. It also ensures that the workplace is comfortable, with everything from therapists to cereal bars. It also allows its employees to be creative. Employees are encouraged to stay and be productive. This business look at their employees as independent, and assume that they enjoy their work. Work is self-fulfilling, and self-actualizing. These businesses do not micromanage their employees, because they prefer them to be creative and take ownership of their work. Genencor Company-which is a biotechnological company was also ranked as the best place to work by the human resource management in 2005. This company uses theory y mode of management. It allows its employees to reward their fellow colleagues with on the spot rewards for their outstanding work. The company is a model of innovation, teamwork and productivity. Motivation- Hygiene Theory Good policies and administration within the work organization will enable increased productivity. Workers will also be motivated by a good salary, achievement in production through increased sales and recognition by their seniors for their good work. A study was carried out in Hong Kong hotel employees to determine the job related motivators that were important to them. The study used Kovach 1980 motivators as a reference list. The results of the study were in line with those of Herzberg et. al 1959. They found out that factors that motivated the employees included: the work being interesting, the opportunity for them to advance and develop and the feeling of being involved in the workplace. This lead to increased productivity and job satisfaction. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs This theory depicts that there are basic needs an individual needs to meet first before they can move to other needs. This needs start with peace of mind-psychological. The worker should also be content with the security so as to be comfortable. The working environment should also be free to enable socialization. The management should then improve their workers esteem through complementation. This will lead to self-actualization leading to increased productivity. The theory is implemented in all elementary schools. Before a student's cognitive demands have to be met they first must fulfil their basic physiological needs. For instance a tired and hungry student will find difficulties in focusing and learning. Students should to feel emotionally and physically safe and consented within the classroom to build up and achieve their full potential. Maslow theory also depicts that students must be shown that they are appraised and respected in the classroom and the instructors should also create an appurtenant environment. Students with low self-esteem should be guided to enable them realize their potential. Vrooms Theory Vroom explains that an individual is motivated at the workstation knowing that their effort will result in the desired outcome. Employees are motivated by knowing that if they increase their effort will enable them being rewarded. In many banks, individuals are encouraged to do their savings. This will attract an interest that they will be paid at the end of the year. For financial bonuses, it signifies that individuals need to understand that their increased effort will enable them to get the bonus. Or, if no added effort is added, the individual will receive a low bonus. This entails creating a balance by making it achievable. Project Management Approach The project manager should act as a servant leader since he is the voice of the team. He/she should clarify issues and guide the team appropriately. This includes listening to their opinions. Proper scheduling of work, ensuring validation and verification of the project and continuous improvement of the process. The manager should ensure accountability, based on trust, ability to have productive conflict, commitment and encouraging the team. The ability to solve conflicts is also crucial. Enabling a conducive working environment and encourage team building in order to have a highly performing team.